Introduction to thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics which deals with the heat and it’s relation with work and energy.First of all we are going to introduce some important terms that are the base of the thermodynamics. Specific Heat : Specific heat of a substance is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of unit mass of substance through 1°C. Its unit is cal/ g° C or kilo cal/g°C. Specific heat of gas: In the case of solids and liquids the change in volume during the change of temperature is negligible; due to which there is only...
read moreNewtonion Gravitation
Gravitation is defined as the force that is produce between two bodies by virtue of their masses. Acceleration due to gravity : Earth attracts all bodies towards its centre. The acceleration produced in the body due to attraction force of earth on it is called the acceleration due to gravity. It is denoted by ‘g’. Newton’s Law of Gravitation : According to this law any two particles in the universe attract each other, of attraction (F) between two point two masses () being directly proportional to the product of two masses and inversely...
read moreWork energy and power
In general work is said to done when a body moves in a certain distance when force is applied to that body. Work: The work done by a force acting on the body is defined as the product of the force and the displacement of the body in the direction of the force. Constant Force : If the force is constant and it displaces the body through a distance (s) in the same direction, then work done. W = F a But if the displacement makes an angle with the direction of force; then component of displacement along the direction of force = so, work...
read moreFrictional force
Friction is define as the opposing force that try to resist the speed of the body.It is produced due to contact of two body or more with each other. Friction : When we try to slide a body on a surface, the motion of the body is opposed by a force called the force of friction. The frictional force arises due to intermolecular interaction. When a body is at rest on a surface and no external force is applied, no friction exists. In this case the normal reaction R balances the weight Mg i.e. for vertical equilibrium R = Mg and frictional force...
read moreNewton’s laws of motion
Sir Isaac Newton is one of the great scientist of the world.He has discovered many theories and law which are the pillar of the modern science.Among them, laws of motion is one of the significant discovery which is described below. Newton’s First law : The law of inertia : It states that every body continues to be in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless some external unbalanced force is applied on it. This law is also called Galileo law or law of inertia. Force and Inertia : (i) Force : Newton’s first law gives the...
read moreCircular motion
One of the many forms of motion is Circular Motion. A motion is called circular motion when centrifugal and centripetal forces act upon a moving body or the body moves in a circle. The different types of circular motion are: Uniform Circular motion. When a particle moves along a circular path with uniform speed, the motion of the particle is said to be uniform circular motion. Angular Velocity, Angular Acceleration and Centripetal Force. Let a particle of mass m move along a circular path centered at O of radius r with uniform speed v. Let...
read moreMaths Formulas for Physics
Maths formulas for physics: Physics is possible only with the help of mathematics. We need to do a lot of mathematical calculation in Physics. Mathematics simplifies and helps in solving the problems in physics. Thus here are some Important mathematics formulas that are needed in physics to solve and simplify any problem: So Mathematical formulas for physics are: Geometry: If Radius of a circle = r then: it’s circumference = and it’s area = If radius and height of a right circular cylinder are r and h respectively...
read moreVector product ( Multiplying vectors )
Vector Product: If we multiply a vector with any other vector or scalar quantity then the result is called vector product. Multiplying a vector by a scalar: If we multiply a vector by a scalar , then the result is a new vector. The magnitude of the vector formed by multiplying and , is the magnitude of multiplied by and the direction of the vector is same as vector if is positive and exactly oppsite of is negative. And to divide the vector with we can simply multiply the vector with Multiplying a vector by a...
read moreAdding vectors by components
Two vector can be easily summed by using vector sum by geometrical method but it is not practical way to add vectors. For a simpler and more practical way of adding two or more vectors then we can use component method of vector sum or add vectors by components. Let there be three vector , and and if vector is the sum of vectors and or , then, The x component of vector r is the sum of x components of vector a and b , the y component of vector r is the sum of y components of vector a and b and the z component of vector r is the sum...
read moreComponents of vectors
Components of a vector: The components of a vector are two or more vectors ( Usually vectors along the x , y , z axes) whose vector sum is equal to the given vector. For ease in doing vector calculations Vectors are expressed in the form of two or three components ; Two if the vector is two dimensional and three if the vector is three dimensional . Components of a Two dimensional vector: Consider a two dimensional vector whose initial point is the point “o” the rectangular coordinate system and final point “A”. If we...
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