Anti Bacterial Preparation
Anti Bacterial Preparation There are many antibacterial drugs in topical preparation, some are potentially hazardous and frequently their use is not necessary if adequate hygienic measures are taken. Moreover, not all skin conditions that are oozing, crusted or characterized by pustules are actually infected. The common antibacterial topical preparations are: (i) Mupirocin Uses: bacterial skin infection particularly due to gram-positive organism but not indicated for pseudomonal infection. Preparation: cream (on Mupirocin calcium) 2%, Nasal...
read moreLithium Carbonate
Lithium Carbonate Mechanism of action: It affects storage, release and reuptake of neurotransmitter. Antimanic effect may be due to increase in norepinephrine reuptake and increase in serotonin receptor sensitivity. It also has antidepressant effect. Uses - Treatment and prophylaxis of mania. - Bipolar disorder and recurrent depression. - Aggressive or self mutilating behaviour. - Prophylaxis of vascular headache. Preparation: Capsules: 150mg, 300mg, 600mg Tablets: 300mg Tablet (slow release): 300mg 450mg Usual dose and route 300mg 3-4 times...
read moreFluoxetine
Fluoxetine Mechanism of action: Selectively inhibit serotonin uptake in CNS, resulting in enhancement of synaptic activity producing antidepressant, anti-obsessional effect. Uses - Major depression - Bulimia nervosa - Obsessive compulsive disorder - Panic disorder Preparation: Capsule 10 mg, 20mg 60mg, Liquid: 20mg/5ml, Tablet: 10mg Usual dose: Initially 20mg daily, increased after a week if necessary, usual dose 20-60mg, maximum 80 mg. Contraindication: Within 14 days of MAO inhibitor ingestion. Side effects: Postural hypotension,...
read moreAmitriptyline
Amitriptyline Mechanism of action- Antidepressants drugs are classified as tricylic, tetracyclic and MAO inhibitors. Research shows that depression is caused by reduced level of nor-epinephrine (NE) and serotinin (5-HT) neurotransmitters in the space between nerve endings. Tricyclic antidepressants and MAO inhibitors increase these neurotransmitters. Indication-Depressive illness, neurogenic pain, noctural pain in peptic ulcer, noctural enuresis in children 6 years of age or older. Preparation- Usual dose- Amitriptyline - Adult: By...
read morePropoxyphene Hydrochloride
Propoxyphene Hydrochloride It is opioid agonist but come in combination with acetamenophen as darvocet used to treat muscle pain. Mechanism of action: Binds with opioid receptor within CNS, altering processes, affecting pain, perception, emotional response to pain. Uses: Mild to moderate relief of pain. Preparation: Capsule: 32 mg, 65 mg Propoxyphene napsylate: Tablet: 100mg Suspension: 10mg/ml Usual dose: 65mg every hourly as needed, maximum: 390mg/day for adult. Contraindication: none significant Side effects: depend on dosage, dizziness,...
read moreTramadol Hydrochloride
Tramadol Hydrochloride It is centrally acting analgesic. Mechanism of action: Inhibit reuptake of nor-epinephrine and serotonin, reducing intensity of pain stimuli incoming from sensory nerve ending. Uses: Management of moderate to severe pain. Preparation: Tablet (dispersible): 50mg Capsules: 50mg Injection: 50mg/ml in 2ml ampoule Usual dose and route: – P. O. Adult.5O-100mg 4-6 hourly, maximum 400mg IM/IV or I/V infusion: 50-100mg every...
read moreCodeine Phosphate
Codeine Phosphate lt is opioid agonist, which also suppress cough reflex, decrease intestinal motility and mainly binds opiate receptor sites in CNS thus reducing intensity of pain stimuli coming from sensory nerve endings. Uses: Treatment of mild to moderate pain, non productive cough and treatment of diarrhea. Preparation: Tablet: 15mg, 30mg, 60mg Soluble tablet: 15mg, 30mg, 60mg Syrup -25mg/5ml in 100ml bottle Injection 30mg/ml, 60mg/ml Usual dose and route Analgesia PO (Adult): 30-60mg every 4-6 hourly Children: 0.5 – 1mg/kg every...
read morePethidine
Pethidine It is usually given by intramuscular injection. lt is also given by slow I/V or by slow continuous I/V infusion. Pethidine appears to have a more rapid onset and shorter duration of action than morphine, peak analgesia occurs about 30-50 minutes after I/M and maintained up to 2-4 hours. lndication- Moderate to severe pain, obstetric analgesia. Preparation- Injection (50mg/ml in 1 and 2 ml ampoules). Usual dose- Adult: By I/M injection 25-100 mg (repeated after 4 hours if required), by I/V injection 25-50 mg give slowly. - Child:...
read morePentazocine
Pentazocine It has analgesic and very weak opiate antagonistic effects. It is given by oral, IV and I/M injection. The onset of analgesia occurs within 15-30 minutes following oral, 15-30 minute following SC or I/M. Peak analgesia occur within 1-3 hours following oral, 1 hour following l/M. Following administration the onset of analgesia occurs within 2-3 minutes, peak analgesia is about 1 hour. Indication- Moderate to severe pain (but not in Ml). Preparation- Tablet: 25mg; injection 30mg/ml in 1ml ampoule. Usual Dose- These are the usual dose...
read moreMorphine
Morphine It is a central nervous system depressant, which produces analgesia and hypnosis. It is most widely used opioid analgesics, peak analgesia occurs within 50-90 minutes in SC, 30-60 min in I/M and 20min in IV. Mechanism of action- It raises pain threshold and modifies emotional reaction to pain. It inhibits transmission of impulses across the pain pathways in CNS. In LVF, morphine causes peripheral vasodilatation causing shunting of blood from pulmonary to peripheral vasculature reducing cardiac work and pulmonary pressure. Indication:...
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