Drugs Acting on the Nose
Drugs Acting on the Nose The commonly used drug in nose is nasal decongestant containing a vasoconstrictor. Repeated use may cause rebound congestion of the nasal mucous or a chemical rhinitis. A) Decongestants Nasal decongestant generally contain sympathomim-etics, they should be used with caution in patients with hypertension, hyperthyroidism, coronary heart disease or diabetes. The commonly used nasal decongestants are: Ephedrine Hydrochloride Ephedrine is sympathomimetic agent and acts as a vasoconstrictor. This drug gives transient...
read moreAnti-Glaucoma Drugs
Anti-Glaucoma Drugs Glaucoma may be treated by the application of eye drops containing miotics, adrenalin or beta adrenoreceptor blocking drugs such as timolol; other drug such as acetazolamide is given by mouth. The main objective of treatment is opening up of the inefficient drainage channels, the trabecular meshwork resulting from contraction or spasm of the cilliary muscle. The commonly used drugs for glaucoma are: A) Miotics Carbachol: solution; 0.75%, 1.5%, 2.225%, 3% Pilocarpine: solution; 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%,...
read moreCorticosteroids
Corticosteroids and Other Anti-Inflammatory Drugs For treating iridocystitis and scleritis, corticosteroids may be administered topically, systemically and by sub-conjunctival injection. The main action of steroid is to modify the response of the body to infection so that they will suppress the inflammation and also the generalized reactions. The danger of this is that the body’s natural response to the inflammation is reduced because the steroids will suppress the body’s immune reactions and the patient becomes more vulnerable to...
read moreAnti infective Drugs
Anti infective Drugs Broad-spectrum antibiotics are commonly used for topical instillations, which are as follows: (i) Chloromphenicol It is usually bacteriostatic in action but may be bactericidal in high concentrations or against highly susceptible organisms. It is commonly use for superficial infection of the eye. Preparation- Chloromphenicol: Eye drops (0.5%), ophthaimic ointment (1%). Usual dose— Eye drops: 1 – 2 drops instilled in the affected eye 2 to 4 times daily (as more often as required). - Ophthalmic ointment: to be...
read moreDrug Acting on the Eye
Drug Acting on the Eye Eye preparation should be sterile and may contain suitable preservatives. The preparation may be utilized for about one month if contamination is avoided. In eye surgery, it is better to use single application containers. Eye preparations are mainly presented in the following dosage forms: Eye lotions These are solution to flush out foreign bodies or to remove infected discharge by irrigation of the conjunctival sac. Application— Ask the patient to sit on the chair with his/her face up, looking up to the ceiling. The...
read moreSkin Cleansers and Antiseptics
Skin Cleansers and Antiseptics Antiseptic is used for skin that is infected or that is susceptible to recurrent infection. (i) Alcohol: Uses for skin preparation before injection. Preparation: Spirit: methyl salicylate diethyl phathalate 2%, castor oil 2.5% in industrial methylated spirits. (ii) Chlorhexidine Used for bladder irrigation and catheter patency. Preparation: solution, pink, Chlorhexidine acetate 0.05%; lotion blue Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.1%; dusting powder, Chlorhexidine acetate 1%. (iii) Povidine Iodine...
read moreAnti Viral Preparation
Anti Viral Preparation Antiviral preparations are usually use for recurrent labial and genital herpes simplex infection. The treatment should begin as early as possible. Systemic treatment is necessary for buccal or vaginal infections and for herpes zoster (shingles). (i) Aciclovir (Acyclovir) Uses: Herpes simplex, herpes zoster, varicella zoster infection, eye infection by herpes simplex. Preparation: Cream – aciclovir 5% Eye ointment, aciclovir 3% Tablet : acyclovir 200mg, 400mg, 800mg, Powder for injection: aciclovir (as sodium salt)...
read moreScabicide and Pediculocides
Scabicide and Pediculocides Benzyl benzoate is used as Scabicide and Pediculocides. Others are; gammabenzene hexachloride crotamiton, permethrin etc. (i) Benzyl Benzoate Benzyl benzoate application is the treatment of choice for scabies.) It is toxic to arthropod acaris scabei (scabies) and pediculos capitus (head louse) and phthirus pubis (crab louse) Preparation - Emulsion: (25%). Usual dose— Adult: To be applied to the whole body (except head and face) after bathing and drying the body. If necessary the emulsion is reapplied within 5...
read moreTopical Corticosteroid
Topical Corticosteroid These are use to provide symptomatic relief of inflammation and/ or pruritus associated with acute and chronic corticosteroid responsive disorders Hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, prednisolone, methyl-prednisolone containing preparations are considered less active than preparation containing other corticosteroids Topical corticosteroids Alclometasone C, O : 0.05% Amcinonide C, O, L : 0.1% Betamethasone C, O, G, L : 0.05% Betamethasone valerate C : 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, O : 0.01%, L: 0.1% Cobetasol C, O :...
read moreanti- pruritic drug
Anti- pruritic Drug (i) Calamine Lotion Calamine has anti-pruritic, mild antiseptic and astringent actions. It is used for pruritus, skin irritation, sunburn and insect bites. Preparation- Lotion (Containing 15% calamine, 5% zinc oxide, 5% glycerol, 3% bentonile, 0.5% sodium citrate, and 0.5% liquored phenol in water) Usual dose- To be applied topically 3-4 times a day Contraindication- Mucous membrane broke raw and oozing areas of...
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