Drugs Acting on the Nose
The commonly used drug in nose is nasal decongestant containing a vasoconstrictor. Repeated use may cause rebound congestion of the nasal mucous or a chemical rhinitis.
A) Decongestants
Nasal decongestant generally contain sympathomim-etics, they should be used with caution in patients with hypertension, hyperthyroidism, coronary heart disease or diabetes. The commonly use
read more Anti-Glaucoma Drugs
Glaucoma may be treated by the application of eye drops containing miotics, adrenalin or beta adrenoreceptor blocking drugs such as timolol; other drug such as acetazolamide is given by mouth.
The main objective of treatment is opening up of the inefficient drainage channels, the trabecular meshwork resulting from contraction or spasm of the cilliary muscle.
The commonly used d
read more Corticosteroids and Other Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
For treating iridocystitis and scleritis, corticosteroids may be administered topically, systemically and by sub-conjunctival injection. The main action of steroid is to modify the response of the body to infection so that they will suppress the inflammation and also the generalized reactions. The danger of this is that the body’s natural respons
read more Anti infective Drugs
Broad-spectrum antibiotics are commonly used for topical instillations, which are as follows:
(i) Chloromphenicol
It is usually bacteriostatic in action but may be bactericidal in high concentrations or against highly susceptible organisms. It is commonly use for superficial infection of the eye.
Preparation- Chloromphenicol: Eye drops (0.5%), ophthaimic ointment (1%).
Usual d
read more Drug Acting on the Eye
Eye preparation should be sterile and may contain suitable preservatives. The preparation may be utilized for about one month if contamination is avoided. In eye surgery, it is better to use single application containers.
Eye preparations are mainly presented in the following dosage forms:
Eye lotions
These are solution to flush out foreign bodies or to remove infected dis
read more Skin Cleansers and Antiseptics
Antiseptic is used for skin that is infected or that is susceptible to recurrent infection.
(i) Alcohol: Uses for skin preparation before injection.
Preparation: Spirit: methyl salicylate diethyl phathalate 2%, castor oil 2.5% in industrial methylated spirits.
(ii) Chlorhexidine
Used for bladder irrigation and catheter patency.
Preparation: solution,
read more Anti Viral Preparation
Antiviral preparations are usually use for recurrent labial and genital herpes simplex infection. The treatment should begin as early as possible. Systemic treatment is necessary for buccal or vaginal infections and for herpes zoster (shingles).
(i) Aciclovir (Acyclovir)
Uses: Herpes simplex, herpes zoster, varicella zoster infection, eye infection by herpes simplex.
Prepara
read more Scabicide and Pediculocides
Benzyl benzoate is used as Scabicide and Pediculocides. Others are; gammabenzene hexachloride crotamiton, permethrin etc.
(i) Benzyl Benzoate
Benzyl benzoate application is the treatment of choice for scabies.) It is toxic to arthropod acaris scabei (scabies) and pediculos capitus (head louse) and phthirus pubis (crab louse)
Preparation - Emulsion: (25%).
Usual dose—
read more Topical Corticosteroid
These are use to provide symptomatic relief of inflammation and/ or pruritus associated with acute and chronic corticosteroid responsive disorders Hydrocortisone, dexamethasone, prednisolone, methyl-prednisolone containing preparations are considered less active than preparation containing other corticosteroids
Topical corticosteroids
Alclometasone
C, O : 0.05%
Amcinoni
read more Anti- pruritic Drug
(i) Calamine Lotion
Calamine has anti-pruritic, mild antiseptic and astringent actions. It is used for pruritus, skin irritation, sunburn and insect bites.
Preparation- Lotion (Containing 15% calamine, 5% zinc oxide, 5% glycerol, 3% bentonile, 0.5% sodium citrate, and 0.5% liquored phenol in water)
Usual dose- To be applied topically 3-4 times a day
Contraindication- Mucous me
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