Reaction mechanism
Reaction mechanism A reaction mechanism is a description of the path, or sequence of steps, by which a reaction occurs. Organic Reaction: It involves breaking and forming of covalent bonds. Types of Organic Reactions Organic Reactions are of following types Substitution Addition Elimination Rearrangement Pyrolysis and decomposition 1. Substitution or Displacement Reaction In such reactions one atom or group is substituted by another atom or group. For example, Types of Substitution...
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Basic Nature of Aliphatic Amines Amines are basic in nature due to the presence of one lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom. Basic nature of amine is increased by electron releasing groups as they will increase electron density on nitrogen atom and basic nature is reduced by electron withdrawing group as they will decrease electron density at nitrogen atom. Basic nature of amines +I effect Basic nature of amines If R is Methyl: The reason of less stability of t-Amines is Steric Hinderance caused by 3 bulky alkyl groups to...
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Reaction intermediate Such species are formed during course of reactions but cannot be isolated as they are destroyed at once during the completion of reaction as reaction intermediates are highly but very unstable and short lived. Types of reaction intermediates These are of following types:- (1) Charged Reaction Intermediates: Charged reaction intermediates are carbocations and cabanions. (A) Carbocation or Carbonium ion: Carbo = stands for ‘Carbon’. Onium = stands for positive charge. A carbocation has at...
read moreChemical Bond Fission
Chemical Bond Fission It is the breaking of covalent bond present between organic molecules. It occurs in following two ways: 1. Homolytic fission or Homolysis: Here bond fission occurs symmetrically as a result of which radicals are Here some amount of energy is needed for bond fission. he bond fission energy of C – C bond in ethane is 90 kcal/mol. Such a fission occurs normally in non-polar compounds. It is favoured by high temperature, ultra-violet radiations presence of peroxides and catalysts. e.g.,...
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Hybridization Carbon has the following electronic configuration: It has two half filled orbitals. Hence it should be bivalent; capable of forming compounds like . But this is not the case actually. Carbon forms a number of compounds like in which it is tetravalent. It has been explained on the basis that one electron from 2s2 level is promoted to level. Hence there become four unpaired electrons and consequently valency four. This is represented in the following diagram “This phenomenon of redistribution of energy in...
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