Nomenclature of Bicylo Compounds
Nomenclature of Bicylo Compounds A class of saturated compounds consisting of two rings only, having two or more atoms in common, containing at least one hetero atom, and that take the name of an open chain hydrocarbon containing the same total number of atoms. In Bicyclo compounds two rings are fused together at two C-atoms known, as Bridged head C-atoms. We name compounds containing 2 fused or bridged rings as bicyclo alkanes and we use the name of the alkane corresponding to the total number of carbon atoms as the base name. The carbon...
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Spiro Compounds A spiro compound is a bicyclic organic compound with rings connected through just one atom. The rings can be different in nature or identical. The connecting atom is also called the spiroatom, most often a quaternary carbon (“spiro carbon”). All spiro compounds have the infix spiro followed by square brackets containing the number of atoms in the smaller ring and the number of atoms in the larger ring excluding the spiroatom itself; the numbers being separated by a dot. For example compound A is called...
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Naming of stock line notations Here one point is considered as one C-atom while
read moreAmine
Amine Amines are organic compounds that contain nitrogen and are basic. The general form of an amine is shown in Lewis form. R represents an alkyl group, but either or both of the hydrogens may be replaced by other groups and still retain its class as an amine.The fact that amines tend to have foul odors is emphasized by the names of two amines: cadaverine and putresine. Amines are alkyl or aryl derivatives of . These are of three types. (primary-amine), (a) Primary Amines: these are named as amino alkane or...
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Cyanide A cyanide is a chemical compound that contains the cyano group, , which consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. Cyanides most commonly refer to salts of the anion CN?. Most cyanides are highly toxic. Organic compounds containing (cyanide) are named by three systems. (a) Cyanide system: In this system they are named as if they are the salts of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). (b) Common system: Their common names derived from the common names of the acids to which they are hydrolysed . The ending -ic...
read moreAnhydrides, acid chloride and Ester
Acid Chlorides Acid chlorides is a compound containing the radical COCl. The common as well as IUPAC names of acid chlorides are obtained by replacing the final -ic acid of the corresponding acid by -yl chloride, e.g., 1. Common name: Formyl chloride IUPAC name: Methanoyl chloride Formula: HCOCl 2. Common name: Acetyl chloride IUPAC name: Ethanoyl chloride Formula: 3. Common name: Propionyl chloride IUPAC name: Propanoyl chloride Formula: e.g., Acid anhydride An acid anhydride is an organic compound...
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Amide Amide are derived from carboxylic acids. A carboxylic acid contains the -COOH group, and in an amide the -OH part of that group is replaced by an - group.In organic chemistry, an amide is an organic compound that contains the functional group consisting of a carbonyl group (R-C=O) linked to a nitrogen atom (N). The term refers both to a class of compounds and a functional group within those compounds. Some simplest ethanamides are methanamide , ethanamide ), and propanamide . e.g, The name of an amide is derived from...
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Amino acids Organic compounds containing – and —COOH groups in the same molecule are called amino acids. The key elements of an amino acid are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. They are particularly important in biochemistry, where the term usually refers to alpha-amino acids.e.g., The common names of amino acids are obtained by writing the position of the — group before the corresponding acid when the position adjacent to —COOH group is named as , e.g., The I.U.P.A.C. names of the...
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Acid Organic compounds containing —COOH groups in their molecules are called acids. They are classified as monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic, tricarboxylic etc. depending upon the presence of groups in their molecules. (a) Mono-carboxylic acid: Organic compounds containing one —COOH group are known as monobasic acids or fatty acids or mono-carboyxlic acids. Their IUPAC names are obtained by replacing the final ‘e’ of the corresponding alkane by -oic acid, e.g., 1. Common name: Formic acid IUPAC name: Methanoic acid Formula:...
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Ketone A ketone is either the functional group characterized by a carbonyl group linked to two other carbon atoms or a compound that contains this functional group. A ketone can be generally represented by the formula: A carbonyl carbon bonded to two carbon atoms distinguishes ketones from carboxylic acids, aldehydes, esters, amides, and other oxygen-containing compounds. The double bond of the carbonyl group distinguishes ketones from alcohols and ethers. The simplest ketone is acetone. Many ketones are known and many are of great importance...
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