Volumetric Analysis and Calculations
Volumetric Analysis and Calculations Volumetric analysis is a method in which strength of an unknown solution (solution containing the substance, the amount of which is to be determined) is determined with the help of a standard solution (solution containing a known amount of a substance). Thus, we know the volumes of the two solutions and strength of the standard solution, so the strength of the unknown solution can be calculated with the help the equation . This process is called titration. The end-point in this process is seen with...
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Environmental Chemistry The word environment means surroundings. Environment constitutes air, water, soil, the atmosphere and the plants around us. Environmental chemistry deals with the chemical phenomenon taking place around us and the damage it causes to environment. Environment Segments or Components: Environment consists of four segments; Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Biosphere Atmosphere It is the layer of air present around the earth having many gases which has nearly a height of 1600 km above the...
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Salt Analysis It deals with qualitative and quantitative analysis of a substance or a compound. In qualitative analysis acidic and basic radicals are found out. A salt consists of two types of radicals: one is positively charged obtained from a base and is called basic radical while the other one is negatively charged, obtained from acid and hence called acidic radical. e. g., has basic radical and acidic radical. Preliminary Tests: Physical state examination: Here colour, smell, density etc. of the salt are noticed to find...
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Co-ordination compounds A simple or normal salt is obtained by the neutralisation of an acid by a base, e.g., sodium choride (simple salt) is formed by the reaction of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. These simple salts ionise in water. When two or more simple salt solutions are mixed in requisite proportion and allovéed to crystallize together, addition or molecular compounds are obtained. These compounds are of the following two types: (i) Double Salts (Lattice Compounds): These are those molecular compounds which...
read moreLead Element
Lead Element A soft, malleable, ductile, bluish-white, dense metallic element, extracted chiefly from galena and used in containers and pipes for corrosives, solder and type metal, bullets, radiation shielding, paints, and antiknock compounds. Lead is a relatively poor conductor of electricity. It is very resistant to corrosion but tarnishes upon exposure to air. The Atomic Number of this element is 82 and the Element Symbol is Pb. Symbol – Pb Electronic configuration – Atomic mass – 207.19 History and...
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Tin Element A malleable and quite soft, silvery metallic element obtained chiefly from cassiterite. Tin is not easily oxidized and resists corrosion because it is protected by an oxide film. It is used to coat other metals to prevent corrosion and is a part of numerous alloys, such as soft solder, pewter, type metal, and bronze. The Atomic Number of this element is 50 and the chemical symbol is Sn. Symbol – Sn Atomic Number – 50 Electronic Configuration – Atomic Mass – 118.7 History and Occurrence The metal tin...
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Silicon Element Compounds of silicon such as sand, rocks, clay, etc. have been used from times immemorial. Stone was the first weapon of the primitive man. Silica was used by the ancients in Egypt for the manufacture of glass and was regarded as an ‘earth’. Berzelius (1823) prepared amorphous silicon by heating potassium with potassium fluorosilicate and studied its properties. Devill (1854) prepared crystalline silicon. The name silicon comes from the Latin word silex (meaning flint). Occurrence Silicon is only second to...
read moreCarbon Element
Carbon Element ‘Carbon’ is derived from the Latin word ‘carbo,’ meaning charcoal. Carbon has been known since ancient times in the form of soot, charcoal, graphite and diamonds. Ancient cultures did not realize, of course, that these substances were different forms of the same element. Antoine Lavoisier named carbon and he carried out a variety of experiments to reveal its nature. Symbol –C Atomic number – 6 Electronic configuration – Atomic mass – 12 Occurrence Carbon is found in both...
read moreElements of Group IVA
Elements of Group IVA There are five elements; Carbon (C), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge), Tin (Sn) and Lead (Pb) in group IV A of the periodic table. Carbon is widely distributed in nature as organic matter. Silicon is an important constituent of inorganic matter. Since their general electronic configuration is hence the elements belong to p-block. General Properties of Group IV A Elements The elements of group IV A (14) exhibit similaritiy in the following properties: 1. Electronic configuration: They have four...
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Aluminium Element Aluminium is a silvery-white, lustrous metal that is only about one-third as heavy as iron. It can be drawn out into wires that are finer than the finest hairs, and hammered into sheets as thin as a sheet of newspaper. It may surprise you to learn that it is the most abundant of all the metals in the world. Aluminium is never found free in nature. It is combined with various substances to form parts of many rocks and soils. Aluminium is the most common metallic element on earth, making up about 8% of the earth’s...
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